The four puruṣārthas — dharma, artha, kāma and mokṣa — the aims a human life may legitimately pursue: sacred order and duty, prosperity, enjoyment, and liberation. Vaiṣṇava writers characteristically set all four below prema, loving service to Bhagavān, holding that even mokṣa is not the highest attainment. Kṛṣṇadayārṇava reads the four horses of Kṛṣṇa’s chariot as an image of the puruṣārthas themselves harnessed to the Lord’s service.
